UTAH.
INTERESTING FROM SALT LAKE,
From Our Special Correspondent.
GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U.T.,
Oct, 1, 1858.
I have compiled this week, a list of the principal grants of land, water, and ferry and bridge privileges ever made by the Legislatures of this Territory. Those which I have omitted are chiefly grants of herd grounds to the Bishops of southern settle-ments. When not otherwise described, the dura-tion of these grants is usually stated to be during the pleasure of the Legislature, with the exception of the grant of the City Creek and its canon to Brigham Young, which purported to be absolute.
THE FIRST PRESIDENCY.
BRIGHAM YOUNG.
Act granting the sole control of City Creek and the canon through which it flows (now known as Brig-ham's Canon), upon consideration of the payment into the City Treasury of $500. Approved Dec. 9, 1850.
Act granting the privilege of diverting the waters of Mill Creek to the channel of Big Canon Creek. Ap-proved Feb. 5, 1852.
Act granting the exclusive right of establishing ferries and bridges on Bear and Weber Rivers, east of the main Wahsatsh range, and fixing the rates of toll on the same. Approved Jan. 20, 1854.
Act granting the exclusive use of Kamas Prairie for a herdground. Approved Dec. 18, 1855.
Act granting (in conjunction with Jos. Young) the right to establish and run for three years ferries be-tween the mouth of Bear River and a point five miles east of the canon where said river comes through the mountains; 10 per cent of the proceeds to go to the Perpetual Emigration Fund. Approved Jan. 4, 1856.
Act granting (in conjunction with Apostle F. D. Rich-ards) all the right, to take water out of Mill Creek which Willard Richards ever had during his life-time. Approved Jan. 14, 1857.
Act granting (in conjunction with Apostle Wilford Woodruff, and J. W. Cummings and Wm. A. Hick-man, both prominent Danites, et al.) a tract of land in Rush Valley, for herding and grazing purposes. Approved Dec. 27, 1856.
Act granting all that portion of Tuilla County, known as Aivenpah Valley, and its waters, for herding and farming gurposes. Approved Jan. 8, 1858.
BRIGHAM YOUNG,
Trustee in trust for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.
Act granting the exclusive use of Cache Valley for a herd ground. Approved Dec. 18, 1855.
BRIGHAM YOUNG,
Trustee of the Perpetual Emigration Fund.
Act granting the exclusive use of Antelope and Stans-bury's Islands, in the Great Silt Lake. Approved Jan. 12, 1856.
HEBER C. KIMBALL.
Act granting the exclusive use of the waters of North Mill Creek Canon, and the canon next north of it, for mills and manufacturing purposes. Approved Jan. 9,1851.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with Jedediah M. Grant et al.) of Parley's Park for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 19, 1855.
Act granting the exclusive right (in conjunction with Jedediah M. Grant et al.) to run a road and collect tolls on it from the mouth of Big Canon through Par-ley's Park to Kansas Prairie. Approved Jan. 19, 1855.
Act granting all that portion of country in Cache County, east of the summit of the mountains east of Cache Valley, for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 12, 1856.
Act granting the exclusive use of a tract of land in Tuilla Valley and of Box Elder Creek, in said valley, for herding and farming purposes. Approved Jan. 3, 1857. WILLARD RICHARDS.
(Died A. D., 1853.)
Act granting the exclusive right of working roads into North Cottonwood Canon. Approved Jan. 18, 1851.
Act granting the exclusive right of taking water out of the natural channel of Mill Creek for irrigation or other purposes. Approved Feb. 3, 1852.
JEDEDIAH M, GRANT.
(Died A. D., 1856.)
Act granting the south end of Weber Valley for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 2, 1856. See Heber C. Kimball.
DANIEL H. WELLS.
Act granting the exclusive right and privilege of run-ning ferries across Green River for three years, from May 15, 1853; 10 per cent of all proceeds to go to the Perpetual Emigration Fund. Approved Jan. 17, 1853.
BRIGHAM'S BROTHERS.
PHINEAS H, YOUNG.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with A. P. Rockwood, Brigham's cousin) of Fremont's Isl-and, in the Great Salt Lake, for a herd ground. Approved Dec. 27, 1855.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with Apostles Lorenzo Snow and F. D. Richards) of a tract of land south-east of Malade River, along the shore of the Great Salt Lake, for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 12, 1856.
JOSEPH AND JOHN YOUNG.
Act granting the exclusive right for three years of run-ning ferries on Bear River, and also of bridging the Malade River; 10 per cent of all proceeds to go to the Perpetual Emigration Fund. Approved Jan. 21, 1853. See also Brigham Young.
LORENZO D. YOUNG.
Act granting the exclusive use of a tract of land south-east from Great Salt Lake City, for a herd-ground, Approved Jan. 14, 1857.
THE APOSTLES.
ORSON PRATT.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with Bishop E. D. Wooley) of a portion of Lone Rock Valley for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 5,1856.
Act granting a tract of land in Tuilla Valley, bordering on the Great Salt Lake, for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 8, 1858.
EZRA T. BENSON.
Act granting the exclusive control of Twin Springs and Rock Spring in Tuilla Valley, for mill and irri-gating purposes. Approved Dec. 9,1850.
Act granting the exclusive control of the timber in all the canons (and on all the mountains neighboring those canons) leading into Tuilla Valley. Approved Jan. 9, 1851.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with W. H. Hooper and David Caudland, an adopted son of Heber C. Kimball) of a portion of Lone Rock Valley for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 5,1856.
GEORGE A. SMITH.
Act granting the exclusive control of the timber in all the canons on the east side of the range of mountains west of the Jordan. Approved Jan. 9, 1851.
ORSON HYDE.
Act granting the exclusive right to build bridges over Carson River, in Carson Valley, and run a road up the canon of that, river, and collect tolls on the same; ten percent of all proceeds to go to the Perpetual Emigration Fund. Approved Jan. 19, 1855.
JOHN TAYLOR.
Act inserting his name among the grantees in an act donating a herd ground in Rush Valley to Seth M. Blair et al. and extending said grant so as to take in all the valley not included in a grant to Brigham Young et al. Approved Jan. 14,1858. LORENZO SNOW.
Act granting the exclusive use of Box Elder Valley in Box Elder County for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 14, 1858. See also Phineas H. Young.
FRANKLIN D. RICHARDS.
Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with Bishop Aaron Johnson of Springville) of portions of Cedar and Juab Vallies for a herd ground. Jan. 5, 1856. See also Brigham Young. See also Phin-eas H. Young.
WILFORD WOODRUFF. See Brigham Young.
MISCELLANEOUS.
LEWIS ROBINSON,
(Quartermaster General of Nauvoo Legion).
Act granting the exclusive privilege (in conjunction with Bishop Isaac Bullock) of running ferries on Green River for three years from May, 1856; ten per cent of all proceeds to go to the Perpetual Education Fund. Approved Dec. 27, 1855.
Act granting a tract of land about five miles square, on Black's Fork, around Fort Bridger, for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 14, 1857.
AARON JOHNSON,
(Bishop of Springville, among whose wives are four sisters, his own nieces).
Act granting the right to take one third of the water of Spanish Fork for irrigating, purposes. Approved Dec. 27, 1855.
Act granting the right (in conjunction with Bishop John L. Butler) to take also one fourth of the water of the Spanish Fork for irrigating purposes. Ap-proved Jan. 14, 1857. See also Apostle F. D. Richards.
ELIAS SMITH
(Judge of Probate in G. S. L. City, and ex-Postmaster). Act granting the exclusive use (in conjunction with S. W. Richards, a young man with more than a dozen wives) of a portion of Juab Valley for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 2, 1856.
W. W. PHELPS
(The Devil in the Mormon endowment).
Act granting the exclusive use of a tract of land along the Weber River for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 12, 1850,
SETH M. BLAIR
(Engineer of the fortifications in Echo Canon and candidate for the office of Chief Justice in the place of Judge Eckels. Five wives.)
Act granting the exclusive use of the tract of land in Rush Valley for a herd ground. Approved Jan. 14, 1857.
CAPT. JAMES BROWN
(Of Ogden; one of the most notorious Danites). Act granting the exclusive right to erect toll bridges on the Territorial road, across Ogden and Weber Rivers. Approved Jan. 6,1855.
Act granting the exclusive use of Ogden Hole for a herd ground. Approved Dec. 27, 1855.
This is beyond question one of the most extraor-dinary records which any Territory can present. Thanks to the patriotism of the frontier population of the United States, it is the only instance in which a Territory for eight successive years has perse-vered in a series of statutes which every legislator at the time of their enactment knew to be uncon-stitutional. Not a foot of land in this Territory has yet been opened even to preemption by the United States, and the Territorial Legislature has no more right to dispose of it than it has to sell the Capitol grounds at Washington. Nevertheless, these grants have practically had all the validity which the grantees could desire; and this has happened for two reasons: first, because the people are ignorant of their rights and of the illegality of such acts of their Legislature; and secondly, because there has been a combination of ecclesiastical influence to sustain the grants, against which no Mormon dare rebel. The only instance in which resistance was ever made to one of the grantees was in 1853. An act was passed, which will be found among those I have enumerated, granting the exclusive privilege of running ferries on Green River to Daniel H. Wells for three years. This was a most valuable grant, for Green River spans the whole Territory from north to south, and all the California emi-gration is obliged to cross it. There were ferries already on the river at a point north-east from Fort Bridger, in the hands of some moun-taineers, who had built the boats at great ex-pense, strung the ropes across the river, and in the Spring of 1853 were expecting from the com-ing emigrants a return for their labor. Suddenly a party of Mormons, commanded by Robert Burton and James Ferguson, which had been fitted out from this city, made its appearance on the bank of the river and demanded in the name of the Legisla-ture and of Mr. Wells, a surrender of the ferry. The mountaineer who had charge of the boats, a stout, honest fellow named William Walker, re-fused, saying that he and his partners had built the boats, etc., and had a better right to own them than anybody else he knew of; whereupon he was set on, shot in the back, and a volley of rifle balls was poured into him as he lay bleeding on the ground. One of the parties concerned in this butchery, a Mormon named Wakely, was arrested at Camp Scott last Spring, and held to bail in the sum of $5,000, to await the action of a grand jury in his case.
After a glance at the list of grants, it will not be hard for you to understand the causes of the great disparity of wealth in this community. The staples of wealth here are grass and cattle. During the Summer there is no difficulty in pasturing the herds, for the animals can graze up to the very summits of the Wahsatch range; but with the ap-proach of cold weather, they must descend the mountain slopes, and, when Winter comes, seek pasturage on the sheltered bottom lands. It is then that these apostolic landed proprietors reap their golden harvest, charging so much per head for wintering stock upon their illegally granted herd-grounds. Most of them also take good care to have large herds of their own. Just so in re-spect to wood. During the months of August, September and October, every family is busy lay-ing in its stock of firewood for the Winter. Where the family is large, one son is usually employed a whole month long with an ox-team for this pur-pose. The most eligible spot in the vicinity of the city for cutting wood is Brigham's Canon; but the priestly proprietor under the illegal grant demands that every third load cut there shall be hauled to his own corral, in payment for the privilege of cut-ting the other two loads. He has built a strong stone wall across the mouth of the canon, and men are constantly stationed there to enforce the regu-lation.
The plain English of the matter is that these grants, unauthorized and unconstitutional in them-selves, have been so distributed as to benefit a few church dignitaries at the expense of the mass of the people. Those to Apostle Benson alone have made him one of the wealthiest men in the Terri-tory. By means of them he has built up a settle-ment in Tuilla Valley called, after the initials of his own name, E. T. City. Tracts of land which would make continental earldoms, are bestowed on favorites with utter disregard to the right of the squatter to pick a claim wherever he can find un-improved and unoccupied land. It would be dan-gerous to the personal safety of any man, Mormon or Gentile, to contest the validity of these grants. Let the fate of Wm. Walker bear witness to the truth of my assertion. It is a matter in which Congress ought to take action. The mass of the people of the Territory are ignorant of their rights, and too pusillanimously subject to their hierarchy to maintain them if they knew them.
The week has been uncommonly quiet. The police have promenaded to and fro, but have not yet laid hands on a single gambling saloon or bar-room. Their only prisoner has been McNeil, the same man who has commenced a suit against Brigham Young and others for false imprisonment. He made his appearance in town one day last week, very much intoxicated, the result of which per-formance was that he got sight again of his Winter's quarters in the calaboose. Upon being brought before the Mayor he pleaded guilty to the charge of drunkenness, and that functionary pronounced on him the vindictive sentence of $50 fine and three months' imprisonment in the Penitentiary, together with costs of Court. Application for a pardon was made to the Governor, who remitted that part of the sentence imposing imprisonment. McNeil tendered the City Marshal the $50 fine, but refused to pay the costs, which were taxed at the extraordinary sum of $81. He was therefore re-tained in confinement by the Marshal, but was brought by his counsel before Judge Sinclair on Tuesday, upon a writ of habeas corpus. The result of the hearing was that the Judge decided that the costs were illegally taxed, there being no Territorial law prescribing their taxation at all in the Mayor's Court, and that McNeil was released upon the simple payment of the fine.
The California mail which arrived on Thursday, reports that everything was quiet on the road. Dr. Forney and Agent Dodge were passed on the Hum-boldt. There is reason to believe that all the re-ports of the Indian disturbances were exaggerated.
The Grand Jury which has been summoned for the United States District Court, which meets on Monday, is a queer conglomerate of Mormons and Gentiles. Many of the most respectable merchants in the city are on the list, which I glanced over hastily this afternoon. The Governor will hardly be able to insult the Court and the Marshal again by pronouncing it a Jury "composed of teamsters" and followers of the camp." The Court will be held in the City Hall, which has been rented for the purpose. An Annual Fair is to commence on Monday in the Social Hall, at which specimens of all the va-rious products of the Territory, agricultural and mechanical, will be on exhibition.
