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Home Evolution of the NANOG pseudogene family in the human and chimpanzee genomes

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Evolution of the NANOG pseudogene family in the human and chimpanzee genomes

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Permanent URL	http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2029
Title	Evolution of the NANOG pseudogene family in the human and chimpanzee genomes
BYU Creator	Fairbanks, Daniel J. Maughan, Peter J.
Keywords	NANOG; pseudogene; genomes; chimpanzee; cellular pluripotency
Description/Abstract	Background: The NANOG gene is expressed in mammalian embryonic stem cells where it maintains cellular pluripotency. An unusually large family of pseudogenes arose from it with one unprocessed and ten processed pseudogenes in the human genome. This article compares the NANOG gene and its pseudogenes in the human and chimpanzee genomes and derives an evolutionary history of this pseudogene family. Results: The NANOG gene and all pseudogenes except NANOGP8 are present at their expected orthologous chromosomal positions in the chimpanzee genome when compared to the human genome, indicating that their origins predate the human-chimpanzee divergence. Analysis of flanking DNA sequences demonstrates that NANOGP8 is absent from the chimpanzee genome. Conclusion: Based on the most parsimonious ordering of inferred source-gene mutations, the deduced evolutionary origins for the NANOG pseudogene family in the human and chimpanzee genomes, in order of most ancient to most recent, are NANOGP6, NANOGP5, NANOGP3, NANOGP10, NANOGP2, NANOGP9, NANOGP7, NANOGP1, and NANOGP4. All of these pseudogenes were fixed in the genome of the human-chimpanzee common ancestor. NANOGP8 is the most recent pseudogene and it originated exclusively in the human lineage after the human-chimpanzee divergence. NANOGP1 is apparently an unprocessed pseudogene. Comparison of its sequence to the functional NANOG gene's reading frame suggests that this apparent pseudogene remained functional after duplication and, therefore, was subject to selection-driven conservation of its reading frame, and that it may retain some functionality or that its loss of function may be evolutionarily recent.
Source	BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 6, No. 1. (2006);
Publisher	BioMed Central
Date Original	2006-02-09
Language	English eng en
Publication Type	Articles
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Owning Institution	Brigham Young University
BYU College	College of Life Sciences
BYU Department	Plant and Wildlife Sciences
Copyright Status	(c) 2006 Fairbanks and Maughan; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.;
Copyright Use Information	http://www.lib.byu.edu/generic_copyright.html

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